Select publications. See Google Scholar for full publication profile.
Machine learning and AI
Côté M, Rochette M, Laramée C, Lapointe A, Kirkpatrick SI, Lemieux S, Desroches S, Bélanger-Gravel A, Lamarche B. Developing and validating machine learning algorithms to predict various indices of diet quality among a socio-economically disadvantaged group. British Journal of Nutrition. 2026; 4:1-9. PubMed.
Thomas DM, Barrangou R, Kirkpatrick SI, Jablonski BBR, Madabhushi A, Tekwe CD, Hartshorn CM, Lemas DJ, Clark N, Powell M, Das SK. AI and machine learning in nutrition: The promise, the challenge, and recommendations. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2025; 123(3):101126. PubMed.
Hutchinson JM, Spicker D, Lamarche B, Wallace M, Côté M, Torres-Espin A, Kirkpatrick SI. Multidimensional dietary patterns and their joint associations with intersecting sociodemographic characteristics among adults in Canada: A cross-sectional study. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2025; 50:1-13. PubMed.
Spicker D, Nazemi A, Hutchinson J, Fieguth P, Kirkpatrick SI, Wallace M, Dodd KW. Challenges for predictive modeling with neural network techniques using error-prone dietary intake data. Statistics in Medicine, 2025, 44(5):e70013. doi: 10.1002/sim.70013. PubMed.
Bodnar LM, Cartus AR, Kennedy EH, Kirkpatrick SI, Parisi SM, Himes KP, Parker CB, Grobman WA, Simhan HN, Silver RM, Wing DA, Naimi AI. A doubly robust machine learning-based approach to evaluate modifiers of the association between fruit and vegetable intake and preeclampsia. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2022, 191(8):1396-1406. PubMed.
Bodnar LM, Kirkpatrick SI, Naimi AI. Machine learning can improve the development of evidence-based dietary guidelines. Public Health Nutrition, 2022, 25(9):2566-2569. PubMed.
Bodnar L, Cartus A, Kirkpatrick SI, Himes K, Kennedy E, Simhan H, Grobhan W, Duffy J, Silver R, Parry S, Naimi A. Machine learning as a strategy to account for dietary synergy: An illustration based on dietary intake and adverse pregnancy outcomes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2020, 111(6):1235-1243. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=32108865
Analyses of 24-hour recall data
Kirkpatrick SI, Guenther PM, Subar AF, Herrick KA, Krebs-Smith SM, Dodd KW. Using short-term dietary intake data to address research questions related to usual intake: Assumptions, statistical techniques, and considerations. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2022, 122(7):1246-1262. PubMed.
Validation best practices
Kirkpatrick SI, Baranowski T, Subar AF, Tooze JA, Frongillo EA. Best practices for conducting and interpreting studies to validate self-report dietary assessment methods. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2019, 119(11):1801-1816. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31521583
Frongillo EA, Baranowski T, Subar AF, Tooze JA, Kirkpatrick SI. Establishing validity and cross-context equivalence of measures and indicators. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2019, 119(11):1817-1830. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30470590
ASA24
Whitton C, Collins CE, Mullan BA, Rollo ME, Dhaliwal SS, Norman R, Boushey CJ, Delp EJ, Zhu F, McCaffey T, Kirkpatrick SI, Pollard CM, Healy JD, Hassan A, Garg S, Atyeo P, Mukhtar SA, Kerr DA. Accuracy of energy and nutrient intake estimation using four technology-assisted dietary assessment methods: A randomized crossover feeding study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2024, 120(1):196-210. PubMed.
Kirkpatrick SI, Troiano RP, Barrett B, Cunningham C, Subar AF, Park Y, Bowles HR, Freedman LS, Kipnis V, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Potischman N, Spiegelman D, Dodd KW. Measurement error affecting web- and paper-based dietary assessment instruments: Insights from the Multi-Cohort Eating and Activity Study for Understanding Reporting Error. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2022, 191(6):1125-1139. PubMed.
Kirkpatrick SI, Guenther PM, Durward C, Douglass D, Zimmerman TP, Kahle LL, Atoloye A, Marcinow M, Savoie-Roskos MR, Herrick KA, Dodd KW. The accuracy of portion size reporting on self-administered 24-hour recalls among women with low incomes. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2022, 122(12):2243-2256. PubMed.
Solbak NM, Robson PJ, Lo Siou G, Al Rajabi A, Paek S, Vena JE, Kirkpatrick SI. Administering a combination of online dietary assessment tools, the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool and Diet History Questionnaire-II, in a cohort of adults in Alberta's Tomorrow Project. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2021. 121(7):1312-1326. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612438/.
Subar AF, Potischman N, Dodd KW, Thompson FE, Baer DJ, Schoeller DA, Midthune D, Kpnis V, Kirkpatrick SI, Mittl B, Zimmerman TP, Douglass D, Bowles H, Park Y. Performance of recalls completed using the Automated Self-administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) in relation to other self-report tools and biomarkers in the Interactive Diet and Activity Tracking in AARP (IDATA) Study. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2020, 120(11):1805-1820. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32819883/.
Raffoul A, Hobin EP, Sacco JE, Lee KM, Haines J, Robson PJ, Dodd KW, Kirkpatrick SI. School-age children can recall some foods and beverages consumed the prior day using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) without assistance. Journal of Nutrition, 2019, 149(6):1019-1026. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31006813
Kirkpatrick SI, Guenther P, Douglass D, Zimmerman TP, Atoloye A, Marcinow M, Kahle LL, Dodd KW, Durward C. The provision of assistance does not substantially impact the accuracy of 24-hour dietary recalls completed using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool among women with low incomes. Journal of Nutrition, 2019, 149(1):114-122. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30602015
Wallace A, Kirkpatrick SI, Darlington G, Haines J. Accuracy of parental reporting of preschoolers’ dietary intake using an online self-administered 24-hour recall. Nutrients, 2018, 10(8):187. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=30060605
Pannucci TE, Thompson FE, Bailey RL, Dodd KW, Dixit-Joshi S, Potischman N, Kirkpatrick SI, Alexander GL, Coleman LA, Kushi LH, Groesbeck M, Sundaram M, Clancy H, Zimmerman TP, Douglass D, Mittl B, George SM, Gahche JJ, Kahle L, Subar AF. Comparing reported dietary supplement intakes between two 24-hour recall methods: The Automated Self-administered 24-hour recall (ASA24) and the interviewer-administered Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM). Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2018, 118(6):1080-1086. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29803270
Alexander GL, Dixit-Joshi S, Kushi LH, Coleman LA, Sundaram ME, Clancy HA, Groesbeck M, Potischman N, Kirkpatrick SI, Zimmerman T, George SM, Subar AF, Thompson FE. Comparison of recruitment and retention among demographic subgroups in a large diverse population study of diet. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 2017, 6:140-146. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28752133
Kirkpatrick SI, Gilsing AM, Hobin E, Solbak NM, Wallace A, Haines J, Mayhew A, Orr SK, Raina P, Robson PJ, Sacco JE, Whelan H. Technological innovations in dietary assessment: Lessons learned from studies to evaluate an online 24-hour recall tool for use with children and adults in Canada. Nutrients, 2017, 9(2). www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28146125
Kirkpatrick SI, Potischman N, Dodd KW, Douglass D, Zimmerman TP, Kahle LL, Thompson FE, George SM, Subar AF. The use of digital images in 24-hour recalls may lead to less misestimation of portion size compared to traditional interviewer-administered recalls. Journal of Nutrition, 2016, 146(12):2567-2573. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27807039
Zimmerman TP, Potischman N, Douglass D, Dixit-Joshi S, Kirkpatrick SI, Subar AF, McNutt S, Coleman LA, Alexander GL, Kushi LH, Thompson FE. The effect of editing open-ended text responses on nutrient and food group estimates from the Automated Self-administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24). Procedia Food Science, 2015, 4:160-172. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211601X15000838
Thompson FE, Dixit-Joshi S, Potischman N, Dodd KW, Kirkpatrick SI, Kushi LH, Alexander GL, Coleman LA, Zimmerman T, Sundaram M, Clancy H, Groesbeck M, Douglass D, George SM, Schap TE, Subar AF. Comparison of interviewer-administered and automated self-administered 24-hour recalls in three diverse integrated health systems. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2015, 181(12):970-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25964261
Kirkpatrick SI, Subar AF, Douglass D, Zimmerman TP, Thompson FE, Kahle LL, George SM, Dodd KW, Potischman N. Performance of the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24) relative to a measure of true intakes and to an interviewer-administered 24-hour recall. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014, 100(1):233-240. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24787491
Assessing diet quality and patterns
Andrade L, Rondeau I, Sylvetsky AC, Hussain S, Singh N, Wallace MP, Dodd KW, Kirkpatrick SI. Classifying sources of low- and no-calorie sweeteners within the Canadian food composition database. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2025, 138, 106992. View.
Hutchinson JM, Raffoul A, Pepetone A, Andrade L, Williams TE, McNaughton S, Leech R, Reedy J, Shams-White MM, Vena JE, Dodd KW, Bodnar LM, Lamarche B, Wallace MP, Deitchler M, Hussain S, Kirkpatrick SI. Advances in methods for characterizing dietary patterns: A scoping review. British Journal of Nutrition. 2025; 133(7):1-15. PubMed.
Sharpe I, Kirkpatrick SI, Smith BT, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Omand JA, Vanderhout S, Warren C, Maguire JL, Birken CS, Anderson LN. Validation of a parent proxy-reported beverage screener compared to a 24-hour dietary recall for the measurement of sugar-containing beverage intake among young children. PLOS ONE, 2023, 18(7):e0288768.. PubMed.
Hutchinson JM, Dodd KW, Guenther PM, Lamarche B, Haines J, Wallace A, Perrault T, Williams TE, da Costa Louzada ML, Jessri M, Lemieux S, Olstad DL, Prowse R, Randall Simpson J, Vena JE, Szajbely K, Kirkpatrick SI. The Canadian Food Intake Screener for assessing alignment of adults’ dietary intake with the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide healthy food choices recommendations: Scoring system and construct validity. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2023, 48(8):620-633. PubMed.
Hutchinson JM, Williams TE, Westaway AM, Bedard A, Pitre C, Lemieux S, Dodd KW, Lamarche B, Guenther PM, Haines J, Wallace A, Martin A, da Costa Louzada ML, Jessri M, Olstad DL, Prowse R, Randall Simpson J, Vena JE, Kirkpatrick SI. Development of the Canadian Food Intake Screener to assess alignment of adults’ dietary intake with the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide healthy food choices recommendations. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2023, 48(8):603-619. PubMed.
Bodnar LM, Kirkpatrick SI, Roberts JM, Kennedy E, Naimi AI. Is the association between fruits and vegetables and preeclampsia due to higher dietary vitamin C and carotenoid intakes? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2023, 118(2):459-467. PubMed.
Brassard D, Elvidge L-A, St-Pierre S, Gonzalez A, Guenther P, Jessri M, Vena J, Olstad DL, Vatanparast H, Prowse R, Lemieux S, L’Abbé MR, Garriguet D, Kirkpatrick SI, Lamarche B. Evaluation of the Healthy Eating Food Index (HEFI)-2019 for measuring adherence to Canada’s Food Guide 2019 recommendations on healthy food choices. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2022, 47(5):582-594.. PubMed.
Brassard D, Elvidge L-A, St-Pierre S, Guenther PM, Kirkpatrick SI, Slater J, Lemieux S, Jessri M, Haines J, Prowse R, Olstad DL, Garriguet D, Vena J, Vatanparast H, L’Abbé MR, Lamarche B. Development of the Healthy Eating Food Index (HEFI)-2019 measuring adherence to Canada's Food Guide 2019 recommendations on healthy food choices. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2022, 47(5):595-610. PubMed.
Kirkpatrick SI, Dodd KW, Potischman N, Zimmerman TP, Douglass D, Guenther PM, Durward C, Atoloye AT, Kahle LL, Subar AF, Reedy J. Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores among adults based on observed vs recalled dietary intake. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2021., 121(11):2233-2241.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34366116/.
Vanderlee L, White CM, Kirkpatrick SI, Rynard VL, Jáuregui A, Adams J, Sacks G, Hammond D. Caloric and non-caloric beverage intake across five upper-middle and high-income countries: Findings from the International Food Policy Study 2017. Journal of Nutrition. 2021, 151(1):140-151. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33245111/.
Andrade L, Lee KM, Sylvetsky A, Kirkpatrick SI. Low-calorie sweeteners and human health: A rapid review of systematic reviews. Nutrition Reviews, 2020;28(11)2078-2082. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33236063/.
Kirkpatrick SI, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM, Pannucci TE, Subar AF, Wilson MM, Lerman J, Tooze JA. Research applications of the Healthy Eating Index for surveillance, epidemiology, and intervention research: Considerations and caveats. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2018, 118(9): 1603-1621. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30146072
More on dietary assessment
Whitton C, Ramos-Garcia C, Kirkpatrick SI, Healy JD, Dhaliwal SS, Boushey CJ, Collins CE, Rollo ME, Kerr DA. A systematic review examining contributors to misestimation of food and beverage intake based on short-term self-report dietary assessment instruments administered to adults. Advances in Nutrition, 2022, 13(6):2620-2665. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac085. PubMed.
Bhawra J, Kirkpatrick SI, Hall MG, Vanderlee L, Hammond D. Bhawra J, Kirkpatrick SI, Hall MG, Vanderlee L, Hammond D. Development and evaluation of the Food Processing Knowledge score: a functional test of consumer nutrition knowledge based on level of processing. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2021, 121(8):1542-1550.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612435/.
de Vlieger NM, Weltert M, Molenaar A, McCaffrey TA, Rollo ME, Truby H, Livingstone B, Kirkpatrick SI, Boushey CJ, Kerr DA, Collins CE, Bucher T. A systematic review of recall errors associated with portion size estimation aids in children. Appetite. 2020, 147:104522. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31751634/
Solbak NM, Rajabi AA, Akawung AK, Lo Siou G, Kirkpatrick SI, Robson PJ. Strategies to address misestimation of energy intake based on self-report dietary consumption in examining associations between dietary patterns and cancer risk. Nutrients, 2019, 11(11). pii: E2614. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31683814
Vanderlee L, Reid JL, White CM, Acton RB, Kirkpatrick SI, Ching-I P, Rybak ME, Hammond D. Evaluation of 24-hour caffeine intake assessment compared to urinary biomarkers of caffeine intake among young adults in Canada. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2018, 118(12):2245-2253. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30497637
Vanderlee L, Reid JL, White CM, Hobin EP, Acton RB, Jones AC, O’Neill M, Kirkpatrick SI, Hammond D. Evaluation of the online Beverage Frequency Questionnaire (BFQ). Nutrition Journal, 2018, 17:73. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30068342
Kirkpatrick SI, Collins CE, Keogh RH, Krebs-Smith SM, Neuhouser ML, Wallace A. Assessing dietary outcomes in intervention studies: Pitfalls, strategies, and research needs. Nutrients, 2018, 10(8):1001. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30065152
Kirkpatrick SI, Vanderlee L, Raffoul A, Stapleton J, Csizmadi I, Boucher BA, Massarelli I, Rondeau I, Robson PJ. Self-report dietary assessment tools used in Canadian research: A scoping review. Advances in Nutrition, 2017, 8(2):276-289. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28298272
Robson PJ, Csizmadi I, Boucher BA, Akawung A, Whelan HK, Sharma M, Al Rajabi A, Vena JE, Kirkpatrick SI, Koushik A, Massarelli I, Rondeau I, Lo Siou G. The feasibility, reliability and reproducibility of the past-year Canadian Diet History Questionnaire II paper- and web-based versions. Nutrients, 2017, 9(2). www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28208819
Keogh R, Raymond C, Tooze J, Kirkpatrick SI, Freedman L. Statistical issues related to dietary intake as the response variable in intervention trials. Statistics in Medicine, 2016 5(25):4493-4508. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27324170
Thompson FE, Kirkpatrick SI, Krebs-Smith SM, Reedy J, Schap TE, Subar AF. The National Cancer Institute’s Dietary Assessment Primer: A new resource for diet research. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2015, 115(12):1986-1995. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4663113/
Food environments, policy, and interventions
Raffoul A, Kirkpatrick SI. Anticipating unintended consequences of public health nutrition policy: Implications for disordered eating and weight stigma. Social Science and Medicine. 2026; 395:119091. PubMed.
Raffoul A, Koechl J, Hammond D, Dubin JA, Kelly AC, Kirkpatrick SI. The impact of calorie labelling on disordered eating and related psychosocial outcomes: A longitudinal study among young adults in Canada. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2026; 70(6): 108296. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2026.108296. PubMed.
Raffoul A, Gibbons B, Boluk K, Neiterman E, Hammond D, Kirkpatrick SI. “Maybe a little bit of guilt isn’t so bad for the overall health of an individual”: A mixed-methods exploration of young adults’ experiences with calorie labelling. BMC Public Health, 2022, 22(1):938. PubMed.
Acton RB, Kirkpatrick SI, Hammond D. Exploring the main and moderating effects of individual-level characteristics on consumer responses to sugar taxes and front-of-pack nutrition labels in an experimental marketplace. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2021, 112(4):647-662.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33768507/.
Lee KM, Dias G, Boluk K, Scott S, Chang Y-S, Williams TE, Kirkpatrick SI. Toward a healthy and sustainable campus food system: A scoping review of post-secondary campus food and nutrition interventions. Advances in Nutrition. 2021, 112(4):647-662. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33836531/.
Acton RB, Kirkpatrick SI, Hammond D. How does the probability of purchasing moderately sugary beverages and 100% fruit juice vary across different sugar tax structures? Obesity, 2020, 28(11):2078-2082. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32985126/.
Lee KM, Marcinow ML, Minaker LM, Kirkpatrick SI. The healthfulness of eateries at the University of Waterloo: A comparison across two time points. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research. 2019;81(2):72-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31736336/
Kirkpatrick SI, Vanderlee L, Dias GM, Hanning RM. Can food-based dietary guidelines support transformation of the food system to foster human and planetary health? UNSCN Nutrition, 2019. https://www.unscn.org/uploads/web/news/UNSCN-Nutrition44-WEB-21aug.pdf
Acton RB, Jones AC, Kirkpatrick SI, Roberto AC, Hammond D. Taxes and front-of-package labels improve the healthiness of beverage and snack purchases: A randomized experimental marketplace. International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2019, 16(1):46. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31113448
Kirkpatrick SI, Maynard M, Raffoul A, Lee KM, Stapleton J. Gaps in the evidence on population health interventions to reduce consumption of sugars: A review of reviews. Nutrients, 2018, 10(8), 1036. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30096786
Veeramani A, Dias GM, Kirkpatrick SI. Carbon footprint of dietary patterns in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 162:1398-1406. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652617311940
Food security and equity
Pepetone A, Frongillo EA, Dodd KW, Wallace MP, Hammond D, Kirkpatrick SI. Prevalence and severity of food insecurity before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among adults and youth in Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Journal of Nutrition, 2023, 153(4):1231-1243. PubMed.
Pepetone A, Qutub M, Andrade L, Wallace MP, Kirkpatrick SI. Food security status in relation to co-operative enrolment among University of Waterloo undergraduate students: A cross-sectional analysis. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 2023, 84(4):211-217. PubMed.
Doan N, Olstad DL, Vanderlee L, Hammond D, Wallace M, Kirkpatrick SI. Investigating the intersections of racial identity and income adequacy in relation to dietary quality among adults in Canada. Journal of Nutrition. 2022; 152(Suppl 1):67S-75S. PubMed.
Olstad DL, Kirkpatrick SI. Planting seeds of change: Reconceptualizing what people eat as eating practices and patterns. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2021, 18(1):32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33663528/.
Pepetone A, White CM, Vanderlee L, Hammond D, Kirkpatrick SI. Food insecurity in relation to food preparation activities and food skills among young Canadian adults. Public Health Nutrition, 2021, 1-1.
Bhawra J, Kirkpatrick SI, Hammond D. Food insecurity among Canadian youth and young adults: Insights from the Canada Food Study. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2021. 112(4):663-675. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33620691/.
Faught EL, McLaren L, Kirkpatrick SI, Hammond D, Minaker LM, Raine KD, Olstad DL. Socioeconomic disadvantage across the life course is associated with diet quality in young adulthood. Nutrients, 2019, 11(2). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30678269
Maynard M, Dean J, Rodriguez P, Sriranganathan G, Qutub M, Kirkpatrick SI. The experience of food insecurity among immigrants: A scoping review. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 2019, 20(2): 375-417. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12134-018-0613-x.
Maynard M, Meyer SB, Perlman C, Kirkpatrick SI. Experiences of food insecurity among undergraduate students: ‘You can’t starve yourself through school’. Canadian Journal of Higher Education,, 2018, 48(2):1-19. http://journals.sfu.ca/cjhe/index.php/cjhe/article/view/188121
Maynard M, Andrade L, Packull-McCormick S, Perlman C, Leos-Toro C, Kirkpatrick SI. Food insecurity and mental health among females in high-income countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018, 15:1424. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=29986420
Kirkpatrick SI, Dodd KW, Parsons R, Ng C, Garriguet D, Tarasuk V. Household food insecurity is a stronger marker of adequacy of nutrient intakes among Canadian compared to American youth and adults. Journal of Nutrition, 2015, 145(7):1596-1603. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25995277
Weight management and dieting
Raffoul A, Goodman S, Hammond D, Kirkpatrick SI. Weight management attempts, but not weight perceptions, are associated with diet quality among young adults in Canada. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2020, S2212-2672(20)31382-4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33250354/.
Minnick C, Raffoul A, Hammond D, Kirkpatrick SI. Intentional weight gain efforts among young Canadian adults aged 17–32 years. Eating Behaviors. 2020;38:101407. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32693348/
Raffoul A, Kirkpatrick SI. Clustering of health-related behaviors: Examining the co-occurrence of dieting and other risky behaviors among girls using secondary data from the COMPASS Study. SAGE Research Methods Cases: Medicine and Health; 2020. https://methods.sagepub.com/case/co-occurrence-dieting-risky-behaviors-girls-secondary-data-compass-study
Raffoul A, Leatherdale ST, Kirkpatrick SI. Weight management, weight perception, and health-compromising behaviours among adolescent girls in the COMPASS study. Journal of Primary Prevention, 2018, 39(4):345-360. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29909544
Raffoul A, Leatherdale ST, Kirkpatrick SI. Dieting predicts engagement in multiple risky behaviours among adolescent Canadian girls: A longitudinal analysis. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2018, 109(1):61-69. https://link.springer.com/article/10.17269/s41997-018-0025-x
Food literacy
Borland T, Taylor E, Chaiton M, Schwartz R, Thomas H, Azevedo Perry E, Samra HR, Valleau L, Kirkpatrick SI. Development and preliminary evaluation of a food literacy measure for use with young people in Canada. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2024; 125(7):1009-1023. PubMed.
Martin A, Wallace A, Jacob R, Marciane A, Amar L, Hernandez K, Perreault M, Hutchinson JM Sadowski A, Saher A, Dorais V, Kirkpatrick SI, Haines J. Development and validity and reliability assessment of the Canadian Food Literacy Measure. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2024. 49(11):1471-1494. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0054. PubMed.
Thomas H, Azevedo Perry E, Manowiec E, Slack J, Samra R, Petermann L, Manofo E, Kirkpatrick SI. Complexities in conceptualizing and measuring food literacy. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2019, S2212-2672(18)30266-1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30670348
Azevedo Perry E, Thomas HR, Samra S, Edmonstone S, Davidson L, Faulkner A, Petermann L, Manafò E, Kirkpatrick SI. Identifying attributes of food literacy: A scoping review. Public Health Nutrition, 2017, 20(13):2406-2415. Nutrition Society Paper of the Month. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28653598
Machine learning and AI
Côté M, Rochette M, Laramée C, Lapointe A, Kirkpatrick SI, Lemieux S, Desroches S, Bélanger-Gravel A, Lamarche B. Developing and validating machine learning algorithms to predict various indices of diet quality among a socio-economically disadvantaged group. British Journal of Nutrition. 2026; 4:1-9. PubMed.
Thomas DM, Barrangou R, Kirkpatrick SI, Jablonski BBR, Madabhushi A, Tekwe CD, Hartshorn CM, Lemas DJ, Clark N, Powell M, Das SK. AI and machine learning in nutrition: The promise, the challenge, and recommendations. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2025; 123(3):101126. PubMed.
Hutchinson JM, Spicker D, Lamarche B, Wallace M, Côté M, Torres-Espin A, Kirkpatrick SI. Multidimensional dietary patterns and their joint associations with intersecting sociodemographic characteristics among adults in Canada: A cross-sectional study. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2025; 50:1-13. PubMed.
Spicker D, Nazemi A, Hutchinson J, Fieguth P, Kirkpatrick SI, Wallace M, Dodd KW. Challenges for predictive modeling with neural network techniques using error-prone dietary intake data. Statistics in Medicine, 2025, 44(5):e70013. doi: 10.1002/sim.70013. PubMed.
Bodnar LM, Cartus AR, Kennedy EH, Kirkpatrick SI, Parisi SM, Himes KP, Parker CB, Grobman WA, Simhan HN, Silver RM, Wing DA, Naimi AI. A doubly robust machine learning-based approach to evaluate modifiers of the association between fruit and vegetable intake and preeclampsia. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2022, 191(8):1396-1406. PubMed.
Bodnar LM, Kirkpatrick SI, Naimi AI. Machine learning can improve the development of evidence-based dietary guidelines. Public Health Nutrition, 2022, 25(9):2566-2569. PubMed.
Bodnar L, Cartus A, Kirkpatrick SI, Himes K, Kennedy E, Simhan H, Grobhan W, Duffy J, Silver R, Parry S, Naimi A. Machine learning as a strategy to account for dietary synergy: An illustration based on dietary intake and adverse pregnancy outcomes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2020, 111(6):1235-1243. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=32108865
Analyses of 24-hour recall data
Kirkpatrick SI, Guenther PM, Subar AF, Herrick KA, Krebs-Smith SM, Dodd KW. Using short-term dietary intake data to address research questions related to usual intake: Assumptions, statistical techniques, and considerations. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2022, 122(7):1246-1262. PubMed.
Validation best practices
Kirkpatrick SI, Baranowski T, Subar AF, Tooze JA, Frongillo EA. Best practices for conducting and interpreting studies to validate self-report dietary assessment methods. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2019, 119(11):1801-1816. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31521583
Frongillo EA, Baranowski T, Subar AF, Tooze JA, Kirkpatrick SI. Establishing validity and cross-context equivalence of measures and indicators. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2019, 119(11):1817-1830. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30470590
ASA24
Whitton C, Collins CE, Mullan BA, Rollo ME, Dhaliwal SS, Norman R, Boushey CJ, Delp EJ, Zhu F, McCaffey T, Kirkpatrick SI, Pollard CM, Healy JD, Hassan A, Garg S, Atyeo P, Mukhtar SA, Kerr DA. Accuracy of energy and nutrient intake estimation using four technology-assisted dietary assessment methods: A randomized crossover feeding study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2024, 120(1):196-210. PubMed.
Kirkpatrick SI, Troiano RP, Barrett B, Cunningham C, Subar AF, Park Y, Bowles HR, Freedman LS, Kipnis V, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Potischman N, Spiegelman D, Dodd KW. Measurement error affecting web- and paper-based dietary assessment instruments: Insights from the Multi-Cohort Eating and Activity Study for Understanding Reporting Error. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2022, 191(6):1125-1139. PubMed.
Kirkpatrick SI, Guenther PM, Durward C, Douglass D, Zimmerman TP, Kahle LL, Atoloye A, Marcinow M, Savoie-Roskos MR, Herrick KA, Dodd KW. The accuracy of portion size reporting on self-administered 24-hour recalls among women with low incomes. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2022, 122(12):2243-2256. PubMed.
Solbak NM, Robson PJ, Lo Siou G, Al Rajabi A, Paek S, Vena JE, Kirkpatrick SI. Administering a combination of online dietary assessment tools, the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool and Diet History Questionnaire-II, in a cohort of adults in Alberta's Tomorrow Project. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2021. 121(7):1312-1326. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612438/.
Subar AF, Potischman N, Dodd KW, Thompson FE, Baer DJ, Schoeller DA, Midthune D, Kpnis V, Kirkpatrick SI, Mittl B, Zimmerman TP, Douglass D, Bowles H, Park Y. Performance of recalls completed using the Automated Self-administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) in relation to other self-report tools and biomarkers in the Interactive Diet and Activity Tracking in AARP (IDATA) Study. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2020, 120(11):1805-1820. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32819883/.
Raffoul A, Hobin EP, Sacco JE, Lee KM, Haines J, Robson PJ, Dodd KW, Kirkpatrick SI. School-age children can recall some foods and beverages consumed the prior day using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) without assistance. Journal of Nutrition, 2019, 149(6):1019-1026. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31006813
Kirkpatrick SI, Guenther P, Douglass D, Zimmerman TP, Atoloye A, Marcinow M, Kahle LL, Dodd KW, Durward C. The provision of assistance does not substantially impact the accuracy of 24-hour dietary recalls completed using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool among women with low incomes. Journal of Nutrition, 2019, 149(1):114-122. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30602015
Wallace A, Kirkpatrick SI, Darlington G, Haines J. Accuracy of parental reporting of preschoolers’ dietary intake using an online self-administered 24-hour recall. Nutrients, 2018, 10(8):187. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=30060605
Pannucci TE, Thompson FE, Bailey RL, Dodd KW, Dixit-Joshi S, Potischman N, Kirkpatrick SI, Alexander GL, Coleman LA, Kushi LH, Groesbeck M, Sundaram M, Clancy H, Zimmerman TP, Douglass D, Mittl B, George SM, Gahche JJ, Kahle L, Subar AF. Comparing reported dietary supplement intakes between two 24-hour recall methods: The Automated Self-administered 24-hour recall (ASA24) and the interviewer-administered Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM). Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2018, 118(6):1080-1086. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29803270
Alexander GL, Dixit-Joshi S, Kushi LH, Coleman LA, Sundaram ME, Clancy HA, Groesbeck M, Potischman N, Kirkpatrick SI, Zimmerman T, George SM, Subar AF, Thompson FE. Comparison of recruitment and retention among demographic subgroups in a large diverse population study of diet. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 2017, 6:140-146. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28752133
Kirkpatrick SI, Gilsing AM, Hobin E, Solbak NM, Wallace A, Haines J, Mayhew A, Orr SK, Raina P, Robson PJ, Sacco JE, Whelan H. Technological innovations in dietary assessment: Lessons learned from studies to evaluate an online 24-hour recall tool for use with children and adults in Canada. Nutrients, 2017, 9(2). www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28146125
Kirkpatrick SI, Potischman N, Dodd KW, Douglass D, Zimmerman TP, Kahle LL, Thompson FE, George SM, Subar AF. The use of digital images in 24-hour recalls may lead to less misestimation of portion size compared to traditional interviewer-administered recalls. Journal of Nutrition, 2016, 146(12):2567-2573. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27807039
Zimmerman TP, Potischman N, Douglass D, Dixit-Joshi S, Kirkpatrick SI, Subar AF, McNutt S, Coleman LA, Alexander GL, Kushi LH, Thompson FE. The effect of editing open-ended text responses on nutrient and food group estimates from the Automated Self-administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24). Procedia Food Science, 2015, 4:160-172. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211601X15000838
Thompson FE, Dixit-Joshi S, Potischman N, Dodd KW, Kirkpatrick SI, Kushi LH, Alexander GL, Coleman LA, Zimmerman T, Sundaram M, Clancy H, Groesbeck M, Douglass D, George SM, Schap TE, Subar AF. Comparison of interviewer-administered and automated self-administered 24-hour recalls in three diverse integrated health systems. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2015, 181(12):970-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25964261
Kirkpatrick SI, Subar AF, Douglass D, Zimmerman TP, Thompson FE, Kahle LL, George SM, Dodd KW, Potischman N. Performance of the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24) relative to a measure of true intakes and to an interviewer-administered 24-hour recall. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014, 100(1):233-240. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24787491
Assessing diet quality and patterns
Andrade L, Rondeau I, Sylvetsky AC, Hussain S, Singh N, Wallace MP, Dodd KW, Kirkpatrick SI. Classifying sources of low- and no-calorie sweeteners within the Canadian food composition database. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2025, 138, 106992. View.
Hutchinson JM, Raffoul A, Pepetone A, Andrade L, Williams TE, McNaughton S, Leech R, Reedy J, Shams-White MM, Vena JE, Dodd KW, Bodnar LM, Lamarche B, Wallace MP, Deitchler M, Hussain S, Kirkpatrick SI. Advances in methods for characterizing dietary patterns: A scoping review. British Journal of Nutrition. 2025; 133(7):1-15. PubMed.
Sharpe I, Kirkpatrick SI, Smith BT, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Omand JA, Vanderhout S, Warren C, Maguire JL, Birken CS, Anderson LN. Validation of a parent proxy-reported beverage screener compared to a 24-hour dietary recall for the measurement of sugar-containing beverage intake among young children. PLOS ONE, 2023, 18(7):e0288768.. PubMed.
Hutchinson JM, Dodd KW, Guenther PM, Lamarche B, Haines J, Wallace A, Perrault T, Williams TE, da Costa Louzada ML, Jessri M, Lemieux S, Olstad DL, Prowse R, Randall Simpson J, Vena JE, Szajbely K, Kirkpatrick SI. The Canadian Food Intake Screener for assessing alignment of adults’ dietary intake with the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide healthy food choices recommendations: Scoring system and construct validity. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2023, 48(8):620-633. PubMed.
Hutchinson JM, Williams TE, Westaway AM, Bedard A, Pitre C, Lemieux S, Dodd KW, Lamarche B, Guenther PM, Haines J, Wallace A, Martin A, da Costa Louzada ML, Jessri M, Olstad DL, Prowse R, Randall Simpson J, Vena JE, Kirkpatrick SI. Development of the Canadian Food Intake Screener to assess alignment of adults’ dietary intake with the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide healthy food choices recommendations. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2023, 48(8):603-619. PubMed.
Bodnar LM, Kirkpatrick SI, Roberts JM, Kennedy E, Naimi AI. Is the association between fruits and vegetables and preeclampsia due to higher dietary vitamin C and carotenoid intakes? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2023, 118(2):459-467. PubMed.
Brassard D, Elvidge L-A, St-Pierre S, Gonzalez A, Guenther P, Jessri M, Vena J, Olstad DL, Vatanparast H, Prowse R, Lemieux S, L’Abbé MR, Garriguet D, Kirkpatrick SI, Lamarche B. Evaluation of the Healthy Eating Food Index (HEFI)-2019 for measuring adherence to Canada’s Food Guide 2019 recommendations on healthy food choices. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2022, 47(5):582-594.. PubMed.
Brassard D, Elvidge L-A, St-Pierre S, Guenther PM, Kirkpatrick SI, Slater J, Lemieux S, Jessri M, Haines J, Prowse R, Olstad DL, Garriguet D, Vena J, Vatanparast H, L’Abbé MR, Lamarche B. Development of the Healthy Eating Food Index (HEFI)-2019 measuring adherence to Canada's Food Guide 2019 recommendations on healthy food choices. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2022, 47(5):595-610. PubMed.
Kirkpatrick SI, Dodd KW, Potischman N, Zimmerman TP, Douglass D, Guenther PM, Durward C, Atoloye AT, Kahle LL, Subar AF, Reedy J. Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores among adults based on observed vs recalled dietary intake. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2021., 121(11):2233-2241.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34366116/.
Vanderlee L, White CM, Kirkpatrick SI, Rynard VL, Jáuregui A, Adams J, Sacks G, Hammond D. Caloric and non-caloric beverage intake across five upper-middle and high-income countries: Findings from the International Food Policy Study 2017. Journal of Nutrition. 2021, 151(1):140-151. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33245111/.
Andrade L, Lee KM, Sylvetsky A, Kirkpatrick SI. Low-calorie sweeteners and human health: A rapid review of systematic reviews. Nutrition Reviews, 2020;28(11)2078-2082. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33236063/.
Kirkpatrick SI, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM, Pannucci TE, Subar AF, Wilson MM, Lerman J, Tooze JA. Research applications of the Healthy Eating Index for surveillance, epidemiology, and intervention research: Considerations and caveats. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2018, 118(9): 1603-1621. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30146072
More on dietary assessment
Whitton C, Ramos-Garcia C, Kirkpatrick SI, Healy JD, Dhaliwal SS, Boushey CJ, Collins CE, Rollo ME, Kerr DA. A systematic review examining contributors to misestimation of food and beverage intake based on short-term self-report dietary assessment instruments administered to adults. Advances in Nutrition, 2022, 13(6):2620-2665. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac085. PubMed.
Bhawra J, Kirkpatrick SI, Hall MG, Vanderlee L, Hammond D. Bhawra J, Kirkpatrick SI, Hall MG, Vanderlee L, Hammond D. Development and evaluation of the Food Processing Knowledge score: a functional test of consumer nutrition knowledge based on level of processing. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2021, 121(8):1542-1550.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33612435/.
de Vlieger NM, Weltert M, Molenaar A, McCaffrey TA, Rollo ME, Truby H, Livingstone B, Kirkpatrick SI, Boushey CJ, Kerr DA, Collins CE, Bucher T. A systematic review of recall errors associated with portion size estimation aids in children. Appetite. 2020, 147:104522. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31751634/
Solbak NM, Rajabi AA, Akawung AK, Lo Siou G, Kirkpatrick SI, Robson PJ. Strategies to address misestimation of energy intake based on self-report dietary consumption in examining associations between dietary patterns and cancer risk. Nutrients, 2019, 11(11). pii: E2614. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31683814
Vanderlee L, Reid JL, White CM, Acton RB, Kirkpatrick SI, Ching-I P, Rybak ME, Hammond D. Evaluation of 24-hour caffeine intake assessment compared to urinary biomarkers of caffeine intake among young adults in Canada. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2018, 118(12):2245-2253. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30497637
Vanderlee L, Reid JL, White CM, Hobin EP, Acton RB, Jones AC, O’Neill M, Kirkpatrick SI, Hammond D. Evaluation of the online Beverage Frequency Questionnaire (BFQ). Nutrition Journal, 2018, 17:73. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30068342
Kirkpatrick SI, Collins CE, Keogh RH, Krebs-Smith SM, Neuhouser ML, Wallace A. Assessing dietary outcomes in intervention studies: Pitfalls, strategies, and research needs. Nutrients, 2018, 10(8):1001. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30065152
Kirkpatrick SI, Vanderlee L, Raffoul A, Stapleton J, Csizmadi I, Boucher BA, Massarelli I, Rondeau I, Robson PJ. Self-report dietary assessment tools used in Canadian research: A scoping review. Advances in Nutrition, 2017, 8(2):276-289. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28298272
Robson PJ, Csizmadi I, Boucher BA, Akawung A, Whelan HK, Sharma M, Al Rajabi A, Vena JE, Kirkpatrick SI, Koushik A, Massarelli I, Rondeau I, Lo Siou G. The feasibility, reliability and reproducibility of the past-year Canadian Diet History Questionnaire II paper- and web-based versions. Nutrients, 2017, 9(2). www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28208819
Keogh R, Raymond C, Tooze J, Kirkpatrick SI, Freedman L. Statistical issues related to dietary intake as the response variable in intervention trials. Statistics in Medicine, 2016 5(25):4493-4508. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27324170
Thompson FE, Kirkpatrick SI, Krebs-Smith SM, Reedy J, Schap TE, Subar AF. The National Cancer Institute’s Dietary Assessment Primer: A new resource for diet research. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2015, 115(12):1986-1995. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4663113/
Food environments, policy, and interventions
Raffoul A, Kirkpatrick SI. Anticipating unintended consequences of public health nutrition policy: Implications for disordered eating and weight stigma. Social Science and Medicine. 2026; 395:119091. PubMed.
Raffoul A, Koechl J, Hammond D, Dubin JA, Kelly AC, Kirkpatrick SI. The impact of calorie labelling on disordered eating and related psychosocial outcomes: A longitudinal study among young adults in Canada. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2026; 70(6): 108296. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2026.108296. PubMed.
Raffoul A, Gibbons B, Boluk K, Neiterman E, Hammond D, Kirkpatrick SI. “Maybe a little bit of guilt isn’t so bad for the overall health of an individual”: A mixed-methods exploration of young adults’ experiences with calorie labelling. BMC Public Health, 2022, 22(1):938. PubMed.
Acton RB, Kirkpatrick SI, Hammond D. Exploring the main and moderating effects of individual-level characteristics on consumer responses to sugar taxes and front-of-pack nutrition labels in an experimental marketplace. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2021, 112(4):647-662.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33768507/.
Lee KM, Dias G, Boluk K, Scott S, Chang Y-S, Williams TE, Kirkpatrick SI. Toward a healthy and sustainable campus food system: A scoping review of post-secondary campus food and nutrition interventions. Advances in Nutrition. 2021, 112(4):647-662. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33836531/.
Acton RB, Kirkpatrick SI, Hammond D. How does the probability of purchasing moderately sugary beverages and 100% fruit juice vary across different sugar tax structures? Obesity, 2020, 28(11):2078-2082. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32985126/.
Lee KM, Marcinow ML, Minaker LM, Kirkpatrick SI. The healthfulness of eateries at the University of Waterloo: A comparison across two time points. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research. 2019;81(2):72-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31736336/
Kirkpatrick SI, Vanderlee L, Dias GM, Hanning RM. Can food-based dietary guidelines support transformation of the food system to foster human and planetary health? UNSCN Nutrition, 2019. https://www.unscn.org/uploads/web/news/UNSCN-Nutrition44-WEB-21aug.pdf
Acton RB, Jones AC, Kirkpatrick SI, Roberto AC, Hammond D. Taxes and front-of-package labels improve the healthiness of beverage and snack purchases: A randomized experimental marketplace. International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2019, 16(1):46. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31113448
Kirkpatrick SI, Maynard M, Raffoul A, Lee KM, Stapleton J. Gaps in the evidence on population health interventions to reduce consumption of sugars: A review of reviews. Nutrients, 2018, 10(8), 1036. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30096786
Veeramani A, Dias GM, Kirkpatrick SI. Carbon footprint of dietary patterns in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 162:1398-1406. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652617311940
Food security and equity
Pepetone A, Frongillo EA, Dodd KW, Wallace MP, Hammond D, Kirkpatrick SI. Prevalence and severity of food insecurity before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among adults and youth in Australia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Journal of Nutrition, 2023, 153(4):1231-1243. PubMed.
Pepetone A, Qutub M, Andrade L, Wallace MP, Kirkpatrick SI. Food security status in relation to co-operative enrolment among University of Waterloo undergraduate students: A cross-sectional analysis. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 2023, 84(4):211-217. PubMed.
Doan N, Olstad DL, Vanderlee L, Hammond D, Wallace M, Kirkpatrick SI. Investigating the intersections of racial identity and income adequacy in relation to dietary quality among adults in Canada. Journal of Nutrition. 2022; 152(Suppl 1):67S-75S. PubMed.
Olstad DL, Kirkpatrick SI. Planting seeds of change: Reconceptualizing what people eat as eating practices and patterns. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2021, 18(1):32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33663528/.
Pepetone A, White CM, Vanderlee L, Hammond D, Kirkpatrick SI. Food insecurity in relation to food preparation activities and food skills among young Canadian adults. Public Health Nutrition, 2021, 1-1.
Bhawra J, Kirkpatrick SI, Hammond D. Food insecurity among Canadian youth and young adults: Insights from the Canada Food Study. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2021. 112(4):663-675. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33620691/.
Faught EL, McLaren L, Kirkpatrick SI, Hammond D, Minaker LM, Raine KD, Olstad DL. Socioeconomic disadvantage across the life course is associated with diet quality in young adulthood. Nutrients, 2019, 11(2). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30678269
Maynard M, Dean J, Rodriguez P, Sriranganathan G, Qutub M, Kirkpatrick SI. The experience of food insecurity among immigrants: A scoping review. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 2019, 20(2): 375-417. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12134-018-0613-x.
Maynard M, Meyer SB, Perlman C, Kirkpatrick SI. Experiences of food insecurity among undergraduate students: ‘You can’t starve yourself through school’. Canadian Journal of Higher Education,, 2018, 48(2):1-19. http://journals.sfu.ca/cjhe/index.php/cjhe/article/view/188121
Maynard M, Andrade L, Packull-McCormick S, Perlman C, Leos-Toro C, Kirkpatrick SI. Food insecurity and mental health among females in high-income countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018, 15:1424. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=29986420
Kirkpatrick SI, Dodd KW, Parsons R, Ng C, Garriguet D, Tarasuk V. Household food insecurity is a stronger marker of adequacy of nutrient intakes among Canadian compared to American youth and adults. Journal of Nutrition, 2015, 145(7):1596-1603. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25995277
Weight management and dieting
Raffoul A, Goodman S, Hammond D, Kirkpatrick SI. Weight management attempts, but not weight perceptions, are associated with diet quality among young adults in Canada. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2020, S2212-2672(20)31382-4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33250354/.
Minnick C, Raffoul A, Hammond D, Kirkpatrick SI. Intentional weight gain efforts among young Canadian adults aged 17–32 years. Eating Behaviors. 2020;38:101407. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32693348/
Raffoul A, Kirkpatrick SI. Clustering of health-related behaviors: Examining the co-occurrence of dieting and other risky behaviors among girls using secondary data from the COMPASS Study. SAGE Research Methods Cases: Medicine and Health; 2020. https://methods.sagepub.com/case/co-occurrence-dieting-risky-behaviors-girls-secondary-data-compass-study
Raffoul A, Leatherdale ST, Kirkpatrick SI. Weight management, weight perception, and health-compromising behaviours among adolescent girls in the COMPASS study. Journal of Primary Prevention, 2018, 39(4):345-360. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29909544
Raffoul A, Leatherdale ST, Kirkpatrick SI. Dieting predicts engagement in multiple risky behaviours among adolescent Canadian girls: A longitudinal analysis. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2018, 109(1):61-69. https://link.springer.com/article/10.17269/s41997-018-0025-x
Food literacy
Borland T, Taylor E, Chaiton M, Schwartz R, Thomas H, Azevedo Perry E, Samra HR, Valleau L, Kirkpatrick SI. Development and preliminary evaluation of a food literacy measure for use with young people in Canada. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2024; 125(7):1009-1023. PubMed.
Martin A, Wallace A, Jacob R, Marciane A, Amar L, Hernandez K, Perreault M, Hutchinson JM Sadowski A, Saher A, Dorais V, Kirkpatrick SI, Haines J. Development and validity and reliability assessment of the Canadian Food Literacy Measure. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2024. 49(11):1471-1494. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0054. PubMed.
Thomas H, Azevedo Perry E, Manowiec E, Slack J, Samra R, Petermann L, Manofo E, Kirkpatrick SI. Complexities in conceptualizing and measuring food literacy. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2019, S2212-2672(18)30266-1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30670348
Azevedo Perry E, Thomas HR, Samra S, Edmonstone S, Davidson L, Faulkner A, Petermann L, Manafò E, Kirkpatrick SI. Identifying attributes of food literacy: A scoping review. Public Health Nutrition, 2017, 20(13):2406-2415. Nutrition Society Paper of the Month. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28653598