Developing and Evaluating Dietary Assessment Tools and Methods
Technological-innovation in dietary assessment is enabling the collection of comprehensive dietary intake data in a range of settings and studies. However, technology is not a magic bullet and tools must be carefully evaluated prior to use with different populations.
The Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24)
Dr. Kirkpatrick was part of the team based at the U.S. National Cancer Institute that developed
and evaluated the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24). She has worked with Health Canada and other stakeholders to support the adaptation of ASA24 for the Canadian context (ASA24-Canada), as well as to evaluate this freely-available web-based tool for use with various subgroups of the Canadian population.
and evaluated the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24). She has worked with Health Canada and other stakeholders to support the adaptation of ASA24 for the Canadian context (ASA24-Canada), as well as to evaluate this freely-available web-based tool for use with various subgroups of the Canadian population.
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Recent publication:
Kirkpatrick SI, Gilsing AM, Hobin E, Solbak NM, Wallace A, Haines J, Mayhew A, Orr SK, Raina P, Robson PJ, Sacco JE, Whelan H. Technological innovations in dietary assessment: Lessons learned from studies to evaluate an online 24-hour recall tool for use with children and adults in Canada. Nutrients, 2017, 9(2). www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=28146125 Find out more: http://asa24.ca/ https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/asa24/ |
Additional publications:
Kirkpatrick SI, Subar AF, Douglass D, Zimmerman TP, Thompson FE, Kahle LL, George SM, Dodd KW, Potischman N. The performance of the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24) relative to a measure of true intakes and to an interviewer-administered 24-hour recall. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014, 100(1):233-240. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24787491
Thompson FE, Dixit-Joshi S, Potischman N, Dodd KW, Kirkpatrick SI, Kushi LH, Alexander GL, Coleman LA, Zimmerman T, Sundaram M, Clancy H, Groesbeck M, Douglass D, George SM, Schap TE, Subar AF. Comparison of interviewer-administered and automated self-administered 24-hour recalls in three diverse integrated health systems. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2015, 181(12):970-8. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25964261
Zimmerman TP, Potischman N, Douglass D, Dixit-Joshi S, Kirkpatrick SI, Subar AF, McNutt S, Coleman LA, Alexander GL, Kushi LH, Thompson FE. The effect of editing open-ended text responses on nutrient and food group estimates from the Automated Self-administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24). Procedia Food Science, 2015, 4:160-172. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211601X15000838
Subar AF, Kirkpatrick SI, Mittl B, Zimmerman TP, Thompson FE, Bingley C, Willis G, Islam NG, Baranowski T, McNutt S, Potischman N. The Automated Self-administered 24-hour Dietary Recall (ASA24): A resource for researchers, clinicians, and educators from the National Cancer Institute. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2012, 112(8):1134-1137. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704899
Kirkpatrick SI, Subar AF, Douglass D, Zimmerman TP, Thompson FE, Kahle LL, George SM, Dodd KW, Potischman N. The performance of the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24) relative to a measure of true intakes and to an interviewer-administered 24-hour recall. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014, 100(1):233-240. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24787491
Thompson FE, Dixit-Joshi S, Potischman N, Dodd KW, Kirkpatrick SI, Kushi LH, Alexander GL, Coleman LA, Zimmerman T, Sundaram M, Clancy H, Groesbeck M, Douglass D, George SM, Schap TE, Subar AF. Comparison of interviewer-administered and automated self-administered 24-hour recalls in three diverse integrated health systems. American Journal of Epidemiology, 2015, 181(12):970-8. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25964261
Zimmerman TP, Potischman N, Douglass D, Dixit-Joshi S, Kirkpatrick SI, Subar AF, McNutt S, Coleman LA, Alexander GL, Kushi LH, Thompson FE. The effect of editing open-ended text responses on nutrient and food group estimates from the Automated Self-administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24). Procedia Food Science, 2015, 4:160-172. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211601X15000838
Subar AF, Kirkpatrick SI, Mittl B, Zimmerman TP, Thompson FE, Bingley C, Willis G, Islam NG, Baranowski T, McNutt S, Potischman N. The Automated Self-administered 24-hour Dietary Recall (ASA24): A resource for researchers, clinicians, and educators from the National Cancer Institute. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2012, 112(8):1134-1137. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704899
The Healthy Eating Index
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Dr. Kirkpatrick was also part of the team that developed the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI), a diet quality index that allows examination of alignment between dietary intakes or foods offered in various settings to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. She is working with the National Cancer Institute to develop guidance for researchers in applying the HEI, including a new iteration to align with the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
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Selected publications:
Guenther PM, Kirkpatrick SI, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM, Buckman DW, Dodd KW, Kasavale KO, Carroll RJ. The Healthy Eating Index-2010 is a valid measure of diet quality according to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Journal of Nutrition, 2014, 144(3):399-407. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24453128
Guenther PM, O’Connell KM, Reedy J, Kirkpatrick SI, Hiza HAB, Kuczynski KJ, Krebs-Smith SM. Update of the Healthy Eating Index: HEI-2010. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2013, 113(4):569-580. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23415502
Research making use of the HEI:
Miller PE, Reedy J, Kirkpatrick SI, Krebs-Smith SM. The U.S. food supply is not consistent with dietary guidance: evidence from an updated evaluation using the Healthy Eating Index-2010. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2015, 115(1):95-100. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25441965
Kirkpatrick SI, Reedy J, Harris JL, Ohri-Vachaspati, Krebs-Smith SM. Fast-food menu offerings vary in dietary quality, but are consistently poor. Public Health Nutrition, 2014, 17(4):924-931. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=23317511
Guenther PM, Kirkpatrick SI, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM, Buckman DW, Dodd KW, Kasavale KO, Carroll RJ. The Healthy Eating Index-2010 is a valid measure of diet quality according to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Journal of Nutrition, 2014, 144(3):399-407. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24453128
Guenther PM, O’Connell KM, Reedy J, Kirkpatrick SI, Hiza HAB, Kuczynski KJ, Krebs-Smith SM. Update of the Healthy Eating Index: HEI-2010. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2013, 113(4):569-580. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23415502
Research making use of the HEI:
Miller PE, Reedy J, Kirkpatrick SI, Krebs-Smith SM. The U.S. food supply is not consistent with dietary guidance: evidence from an updated evaluation using the Healthy Eating Index-2010. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2015, 115(1):95-100. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25441965
Kirkpatrick SI, Reedy J, Harris JL, Ohri-Vachaspati, Krebs-Smith SM. Fast-food menu offerings vary in dietary quality, but are consistently poor. Public Health Nutrition, 2014, 17(4):924-931. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=23317511
Understanding Dietary Patterns in Populations and Subgroups
National surveillance data and other sources enable examinations of differences in dietary patterns in relation to characteristics such as socioeconomic status. Such examinations carried out across jurisdictions can be combined with in-depth policy analyses to shed light on factors such as fortification and food programs that may influence nutritional status and nutritional vulnerability.
Selected publications:
Kirkpatrick SI, Dodd KW, Parsons R, Ng C, Garriguet D, Tarasuk V. Household food insecurity is a stronger marker of adequacy of nutrient intakes among Canadian compared to American youth and adults. Journal of Nutrition, 2015, 145(7):1596-1603. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25995277
Kirkpatrick SI, Dodd KW, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM. Income and race/ethnicity are associated with adherence to food-based dietary guidance among US adults and children. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2012, 112(5):624-635. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22709767
Ongoing work:
With funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, we are analyzing dietary intake data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey and contemporaneous cycles of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine differences in levels of inadequate and excessive intakes of dietary components, as well as key sources of nutrients and components such as added sugars. between countries. This is accompanied by an in-depth policy analysis to allow hypothesis building regarding policies and programs that might underlie observed differences in nutritional status between the Canadian and US populations.
Kirkpatrick SI, Dodd KW, Parsons R, Ng C, Garriguet D, Tarasuk V. Household food insecurity is a stronger marker of adequacy of nutrient intakes among Canadian compared to American youth and adults. Journal of Nutrition, 2015, 145(7):1596-1603. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25995277
Kirkpatrick SI, Dodd KW, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM. Income and race/ethnicity are associated with adherence to food-based dietary guidance among US adults and children. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2012, 112(5):624-635. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22709767
Ongoing work:
With funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, we are analyzing dietary intake data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey and contemporaneous cycles of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine differences in levels of inadequate and excessive intakes of dietary components, as well as key sources of nutrients and components such as added sugars. between countries. This is accompanied by an in-depth policy analysis to allow hypothesis building regarding policies and programs that might underlie observed differences in nutritional status between the Canadian and US populations.
Capacity Building Related to Dietary Assessment
Understanding current practices in dietary assessment
Part of developing a foundation for capacity building efforts involves understanding the current state of research in terms of dietary assessment practices. Systematic reviews can also provide a baseline in terms of monitoring trends in the use of different methods and whether there are shifts toward recommended approaches over time.
Selected reviews:
Kirkpatrick SI, Vanderlee L, Raffoul A, Stapleton J, Csizmadi I, Boucher BA,
Massarelli I, Rondeau I, Robson PJ. Self-report dietary assessment tools used in Canadian research: A scoping review. Advances in Nutrition, 8(2):276-289. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28298272
Kirkpatrick SI, Reedy J, Butler EN, Dodd KW, Subar AF, Thompson FE, McKinnon RA. Dietary assessment in food environment research: a systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2014, 46(1):94-102. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24355678
Kirkpatrick SI, Vanderlee L, Raffoul A, Stapleton J, Csizmadi I, Boucher BA,
Massarelli I, Rondeau I, Robson PJ. Self-report dietary assessment tools used in Canadian research: A scoping review. Advances in Nutrition, 8(2):276-289. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28298272
Kirkpatrick SI, Reedy J, Butler EN, Dodd KW, Subar AF, Thompson FE, McKinnon RA. Dietary assessment in food environment research: a systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2014, 46(1):94-102. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24355678
Resources for researchers and practitioners
Dr. Kirkpatrick works with various collaborators, including international experts in dietary assessment, to develop and disseminate resources to support more robust practices in nutrition research. The long-term goal is to facilitate a stronger and more cohesive body of evidence on diet and health and strategies to promote and support healthy eating.
Selected resources:
The Dietary Assessment Primer, hosted by the U.S. National Cancer Institute, is a web-based resource with comprehensive information about self-report dietary assessment methods and recommendations for dietary assessment in different types of studies. The Primer is described in Thompson FE, Kirkpatrick SI, Krebs-Smith SM, Reedy J, Schap TE, Subar AF. The National Cancer Institute’s Dietary Assessment Primer: A new resource for diet research. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2015, 115(12):1986-1995.
The Measurement Error Webinar Series is a 12-part series led by Dr. Kirkpatrick with presentations from internationally-recognized experts on strategies to mitigate measurement error in dietary intake data in the context of surveillance and epidemiology. Available online are archived webinars and additional resources such as a glossary and lists of recommended references.
The Individual Diet User Guide for the National Collaborative on Childhood Obesity (NCCOR) Measures Registry provides an overview of dietary assessment tools and highlight considerations relevant to measuring dietary behaviors in the context of obesity research. The User Guide was co-authored by PhD student Amanda Raffoul.
The Dietary Assessment Primer, hosted by the U.S. National Cancer Institute, is a web-based resource with comprehensive information about self-report dietary assessment methods and recommendations for dietary assessment in different types of studies. The Primer is described in Thompson FE, Kirkpatrick SI, Krebs-Smith SM, Reedy J, Schap TE, Subar AF. The National Cancer Institute’s Dietary Assessment Primer: A new resource for diet research. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2015, 115(12):1986-1995.
The Measurement Error Webinar Series is a 12-part series led by Dr. Kirkpatrick with presentations from internationally-recognized experts on strategies to mitigate measurement error in dietary intake data in the context of surveillance and epidemiology. Available online are archived webinars and additional resources such as a glossary and lists of recommended references.
The Individual Diet User Guide for the National Collaborative on Childhood Obesity (NCCOR) Measures Registry provides an overview of dietary assessment tools and highlight considerations relevant to measuring dietary behaviors in the context of obesity research. The User Guide was co-authored by PhD student Amanda Raffoul.